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- NATION, Page 16First Hot Air, Then Clean Air
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- Political emissions greet Bush's environmental plan
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- On a crystal-clear morning in June, George Bush stood
- before the Grand Tetons in Wyoming and proclaimed, "Every
- American deserves to breathe clean air." Last week, after
- environmentalists and their allies on Capitol Hill got a look
- at the President's 279-page plan for implementing his promise
- to clean up America's spacious but smoggy skies, they claimed
- he had double-crossed them. Bush, they said, had retreated
- substantially from his Rocky Mountain rhetoric and in some areas
- even fell short of current law.
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- Bush did not take kindly to the charges. In a Rose Garden
- ceremony Friday, the President inserted into his prepared
- remarks a pointed rejoinder to his critics. "Anyone who allows
- political bickering to weaken our progress against pollution,"
- said Bush, "does a tragic disservice to every city in America
- and to every American who wants and deserves clean air."
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- Skirmishing over the clean-air proposals was inevitable.
- From the start, it was clear that the White House's plan for
- cutting urban smog and toxic pollutants was far more lenient
- toward industry than was Bush's widely praised proposal for
- reducing acid rain. The clean-air plan consisted only of general
- goals, not detailed provisions that either environmentalists or
- industry could bank on. As a result, both sides furiously
- lobbied the Environmental Protection Agency and the Office of
- Management and Budget as top officials drafted the huge bill.
- On one day last week one OMB official alone logged 275 telephone
- calls from lawmakers and Washington lobbyists.
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- When the final measure was released, environmentalists
- rushed to declare defeat. What angered them most was a provision
- that would allow automakers to build some cars that spew out
- more hydrocarbons than they do under current law, even though
- new overall emissions standards would be tougher than before.
- The carmakers could do that by averaging the emissions of every
- car they produce in a given model year, offsetting the most
- polluting vehicles with less polluting models. Auto-company
- experts do not dispute the environmentalists' interpretation of
- the "fleet-averaging" provision, but they insist that the bottom
- line will still be cleaner air. "Some cars may be below and some
- may be above, but they all have to meet the lower standard on
- average," says an industry lobbyist.
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- Environmentalists are also troubled by Bush's flimsy
- guarantee that only three U.S. cities -- Los Angeles, Houston
- and New York City -- will fail to meet federal air-quality
- standards by the year 2000. Critics say that the Bush plan might
- allow as many as six other cities to miss that deadline. EPA
- Administrator William Reilly insisted the charge was wrong, but
- his rebuttal was a bit halfhearted. "I could understand," he
- said, "how they could conclude that."
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- Despite their misgivings, the environmentalists concede
- that in some respects the President's plan has been improved.
- Perhaps anticipating an outcry from the left, Bush's aides added
- unexpected new restrictions on coal-fired power plants that
- would require utilities to cap acid-rain-causing emissions after
- the year 2000. Such provisions help explain why industry largely
- withheld its endorsement last week. As an Administration
- official said, "If we're taking fire from both sides, it tells
- you something about where we are on the political spectrum."
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- But it also says something about how difficult it will be
- for Bush to break what he called the "environmental gridlock"
- on Capitol Hill now that the clean-air battle is joined. Twelve
- years have passed since Congress amended the Clean Air Act of
- 1970. If partisan bickering continues, it may be another year
- before the gridlock is broken. The hot air will have to
- dissipate before the clean air can return.
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